Fig. 1

Establishment of child-derived NO and BO. (A). Overview of the procedure. The four lines of matched nasal and bronchial tissue models were dissociated into cell clumps and single cells through mechanical disruption and enzymatic digestion. The resulting cells were then embedded in Matrigel and submerged in organoid culture medium. (B). Representative organoid images are presented, and the number of organoids was quantified. (C). Efficiency of organoid formation in NO and BO. The data presented here represent the mean ± SEM of the number of organoids. (D). Representative images of long-term cultured NO and BO are shown, and the organoid sizes were analyzed. Scale bar: 500 μm. (E). The organoid size in bright images was measured at D24. The data presented here represent the mean ± SEM of the organoid diameter. ns: not significant; n = 20 per group. (F). Representative kymograph of ciliary beating in NO and BO. (G). The ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in the NO group was significantly lower than that in the BO group (NO vs. BO: 4.70 ± 0.55 Hz vs. 9.40 ± 0.26 Hz, p = 0.008). ** p < 0.01