Table 1 Organoid models of liver cancer from different sources and their applications
From: Organoid as a promising tool for primary liver cancer research: a comprehensive review
Classification | Published Year | Cell/Tissue | Materials/Consumables | Application | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cell | 2015 | HEPG2, HCT116 | HA hydrogel-coated microcarrier bead | Modeling tumor growth in vitro. Becoming metastatic tumor models. Drug screening. Understanding the effects of potential drug candidates on normal tissues surrounding tumors. | [71] |
2017 | HCCLM3, Hep3B, HUVEC Human primary fibroblasts | Matrigel | Investigating the role of non-stromal cells in the cellular composition of HCC organoids. Increasing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor malignancy. Increasing neovascularization. | [76] | |
2018 | WI38, LX2, HUVEC Primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells from HBV-infected patients: AMC-H1, AMC-H2 | 96-well round bottom ULA microplates | Comparing anticancer drug sensitivity in different culture methods. Optimizing the treatment of HCC. | [78] | |
2021 | iPSC-EC, iPSC-MC, Huh7-Luci | Ibidi culture-insert 2 well system | Generation of animal models of in situ cancer. Studying HCC tumor development under liver fibrosis TME. | [77] | |
Mouse liver tumor | 2019 | DEN-induced liver tumors | Matrigel | Initiating tumor formation in mouse xenografts. Drug evaluation. Promoting the development of targeted therapies for TIC. | [79] |
2023 | Tp53 and Pten double mutation-induced liver tumors | Matrigel | Assessing radiation sensitivity. | [80] | |
Patient-derived liver tumor | 2017 | Patient-derived PLC specimens | BME2 | Constructing liver cancer organoids. Identifying potential prognostic biomarkers for primary liver cancer. Identifying patient-specific drug sensitivity. Searching for potential targets in primary liver cancer. | [19] |
2018 | Tumor needle biopsies of liver cancers | BME2 | Initiating tumor formation in mouse xenografts. Understanding tumor heterogeneity. Drug reaction. Biobank. | [40] | |
2019 | Patient-derived PLC specimens | Matrigel | Understanding intra-tumor heterogeneity. Understanding inter-patient drug response heterogeneity. Drug screening. | [41] | |
2020 | Patient-derived HB specimens | BME2 | Modeling HB disease. Drug screening. | [86] | |
2022 | Patient-derived PLC specimens | Matrigel | Drug screening. Studying sorafenib resistance in HCC organoids. Exploring signaling pathways that inhibit HCC organoid growth. | [82] | |
2022 | Patient-derived FLC specimens | BME2 | Modeling FLC disease. Drug screening. | [85] | |
Genetic engineering | 2019 | hiHep | 24-well Kuraray ultra-low attachment plate | Simulation of liver cancer initiation. Performing lineage switching of hepatocytes. Introducing multiple mutations to mimic liver cancer progression. | [92] |
2023 | Human fetal hepatocyte-like organoids | Matrigel | Modeling FLC disease. Investigating molecular pathogenesis. | [96] |