Fig. 3

Comparative analyses of miR-137 deficiency in mouse, pig and hiPSC-derived neuron models. A Generation of the Mir137 knockout mice. A targeting vector was designed to disrupt the Mir137 gene via homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells, with two loxP sites inserted upstream (~ 2 kb) and downstream (~ 0.6 kb) of the Mir137 gene (top). Crossing with Zp3-Cre mice led to the specific deletion of Mir137 in the germline, resulting in the generation of homozygous Mir137 knockout (Mir137–/–) mice (bottom). B Generation of MIR137 knockout hiPSC-derived forebrain neuron. Specific sgRNAs were designed and constructed to target the human MIR137 gene. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique was used to deliver Cas9 and sgRNAs into hiPSC via electroporation. Monoclonal cells with CRISPR/Cas9-induced MIR137 deletion (MIR137–/–) were isolated and utilized to generate neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and forebrain neurons. C qPCR verification of decreased expression of mature miR-137 in both MIR137–/– hiPSC-derived NPCs and forebrain neurons. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Statistical significance was tested with unpaired t-test, with ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001. D Number and percentage of DEGs in pig, mouse and hiPSC-derived forebrain neurons. Mouse and pig gene symbols were converted to human gene symbols using Ensembl Biomart for cross-species comparison. Genes that could not be converted were excluded from the analysis. E–F Top 5 GO terms, enriched pathways and disease associations for DEGs identified in Mir137–/– mouse brain (E) and MIR137–/– hiPSC-derived forebrain neurons (F). G Heatmap showing gene expression of neuronal marker genes across species. Neuronal marker genes overlapping with DEGs identified in MIR137–/– miniature pig was included. Marker genes were sourced from a public database (http://xteam.xbio.top/CellMarker/). H UpSet diagram showing the intersections of DEGs in miniature pig, mouse, hiPSC-derived forebrain neurons, and genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and schizophrenia (SCZ)