Table 1 The classification, structure, location and identified substrates of HDACs

Zn²⁺ -dependent HDACs:

 Class I

HDAC1

Yeast RPD3

N

Strong deacetylase activity only to form Sin3/NuRD/CoREST complex

CDK1, AIFM1, MSH6, RuvB-Like1, MEF2, Histones, GATA, KIF11, YY1, NF-ҡB, DNMT1-SHP, ATM, MyoD, p53, AR, BRAC1, MECP2, pRb

HDAC2

N

CDKN1A, HOP, MDM2, Histones, NF-ҡB, GATA2, BRCA1, pRb, MECP, IRS-1

HDAC3

N, C

Strong deacetylase activity only to form SMRT/NCoR complex

FoxO3, SHP, GATA1, NF-ҡB, pRb, Histones, HDAC4,5,7–9

HDAC8

N, C

Strong deacetylase activity alone

ARID1A, ERR-α, SMC3, RAI1, ZRANB2, NCOA3, THRAP3, HSP70, p53

 Class IIa

HDAC4

Yeast HDA1

N, C

Strong deacetylase activity only to form SMRT/NCoR-HDAC3 complex

PGC-1α, HSC70, Histones, SRF, Runx2, p53, p21, GATA, FOXO, HIF-1α, SUV39H1, HP1, HDAC3, MEF2, CaM, 14–3-3

HDAC5

Histones, HDAC3, YY1, MEF2, Runx2, CaM, 14–3-3

HDAC7

N, C

Strong deacetylase activity only to form SMRT/NCoR-HDAC3 complex

Histones, HDAC3, MEF2, PML, Runx2, CaM, 14–3-3, HIF-1α

HDAC9

TRIM29, Histones, HDAC3, MEF2, CaM, 14–3-3

 Class IIb

HDAC6

Yeast HDA2

N, C

Strong deacetylase activity alone

MYH9, HSC70, DNAJA1, α-tubulin, Cortactin, HSP90, HDAC11, SHP, PP1, Runx2, LcoR

HDAC10

HSC70, LcoR, PP1

 Class IV

HDAC11

Yeast RPD3/HDA1

N

Strong deacetylase activity alone

SHMT2, Histones, HDAC6, Cdt1

NAD + -dependent HDACs:

 Class III

SIRT1

Yeast Sir2

N, C

Strong deacetylase activity

p53, p73, p300, NF-ҡB-FOXO, PTEN, NICD, MEF2, HIFs, SREBP-1c, β-catenin, PGC1α, Bmal, NF-ҡB, Histones, Per2, Ku70, IRS-2, APE1, PCAF, TIP60, AceCS1, PPARγ, ER-α, AR, LXR

SIRT2

N, C

Strong deacetylase activity

Hsp90α, Histones, α-tubulin

SIRT3

M

Strong deacetylase activity

IDH2, HMGCS2, GDH, AceCS, SdhA, Histones, Ku70, SOD2, LCAD, ICDH

SIRT4

Yeast Sir2

M

Weak deacetylase activity

MCD, PDH, GDH

SIRT5

M

Weak deacetylase activity

Cytochrome c, MAVS, CPS1, ACAT1

SIRT6

N

Weak deacetylase activity

FoxO1, Histone H3, p53, NAMPT, TNF-α

SIRT7

NO

Weak deacetylase activity

Histone H3, p53, PAF53, NPM1, GABPβ1